I am interested in the ways people cross borders to build families using gametes, embryos or children provided by third parties, and how these ways change over time. The movement of people for reproductive reasons has been analysed through different paradigms, including migration, movement, nomadism, exile, cross-border reproductive care, flows, and diaspora (Groes et al 2018; Nahman 2016; Whittaker et al 2013). The mobilities turn (Sheller 2017; Faist 2013; Urry 2008, 2007) demands that social scientists examine the nexus of mobilities and social inequalities.
Reproductive politics and mobilities in Spain have undergone a radical change in recent decades. Until 1978 some Spanish women traveled to France to acquire condoms or the pill. When disadvantaged women did not manage to prevent pregnancy, they often ended up providing children—sometimes unknowingly—for the domestic adoption industry. In contrast, today, Spain has become the European country providing the most eggs to the fertility industry and the fertility treatments and the third in the world. Spain has simultaneously become one of the main destinations of transnationally adopted children (Marre et al 2018).
I analyse the interlinked forms of reproductive mobility, spurred by both legal structures and sociocultural norms, that have affected the management of women’s fertility from the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) to the present. The directions of the reproductive mobilities have reversed in many cases, but the gender and class stratification underlying them has remain unchanged. My point is not to argue against (re)productive mobilities. Rather, I suggest that researchers, practitioners and users should be aware of the inequalities that inhere—especially for women—in reproductive mobilities, and their causes and consequences.

Social Anthropology PhD and Associate Professor at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. Her areas of specialisation are human reproduction, gender, parenting and childhood and youth in Spain. She is the author and co-author of several articles, chapters and books and the director of AFIN Research Group and Outreach Centre.

There are no co-authors

References
Faist, Th. 2013. The mobility turn: a new paradigm for the social sciences?. Ethnic and Racial Studies 36(11):1637-1646.
Groes, Ch. and Fernández, N. T. 2018. Introduction: Intimate Mobilities and Mobile Intimacies in Groes, Ch. and Fernández, N. T. eds. Intimate Mobilities. Sexual Economies, Marriage and Migration in a Disparate World. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1-27.
Marre, D., San Román, B., Guerra, D. 2018. On reproductive work in Spain. Transnational adoption, egg donation, surrogacy. Medical Anthropology, 37(2):158-173.
Nahman, M. 2016. Reproductive tourism: through the anthropological “reproscope”. Annual Review of Anthropology 45:417-432.
Sheller, M. 2017. From spatial turn to mobilities turn. Current Sociology Monograph 65(4):623-639.
Urry, J. 2008. Moving on the Mobility Turn. In Tracing Mobilities in Canzler W., Kaufmann, V. & Kesselring, S. eds. Towards a Cosmopolitan Perspective. Burlington: Ashgate, 13-25.
Urry, J. 2007. Mobilities. Cambridge: Polity.
Whittaker, A. and A. Speier 2013. “Cycling overseas”: care, commodification, and stratification in cross-border reproductive travel. Medical Anthropology: 29(4):363-383.